Indian Research Journal of Genetics and Biotechnology

A Note on Efficient Isolation of Genomic DNA from Acacia catechu Willd

2024-07-27T06:00:06+00:00

An efficient and convenient method of extraction of the genomic DNA of high quality and good amount from Acacia catechu Willd., required for the molecular characterization and genetic divergence studies is presented here. Various problems are encountered due to the presence of polysaccharides, polyphenols and secondary metabolites. The presence of high content of secondary metabolites and phenolics interfere with the extraction of genomic DNA and hinders in carrying out the polymerase chain reaction. Also the yield of DNA obtained is greatly affected. An attempt has been made to extract DNA by using a modified CTAB method which results in good yield and good quality of DNA .

Interactions Effects of Wheat Genotypes with Environments Elaborated by AMMI, BLUP and Non Parametric Measures for NWPZ

2024-07-27T05:56:10+00:00

Highly significant variations due to environments, GxE interactions, and genotypes were revealed AMMI analysis with respective percent share as 51.2, 23, 8.2%. Measures ASV1 and ASV measures considered 50.7% of the total variation selected G 13, G 9, G 2 genotypes. Utilizing 92.6% of GxE interactions effects MASV and MASV1measures identified G 10,G 8, G 6 genotypes. HMGV, RPGV and HMRPGV settled for G5, G16, G10 genotypes. NPi (s) non parametric composite measures observed suitability of G 1, G 5, G 2 as genotypes of choice for this zone. Biplot analysis of measures observed tight positive relationships among IPC5, IPC2, IPC4, IPC3 and NPi(2) with BLUP based measures RPGV, HMGV , HMRPGV, BLAvg, Mean. Clustering pattern of BLUP based measures seen with NPi(2). Measure IPC1 clustered with NPi(3), NPi(4), BLStd, BLCV. Adjacent cluster consisted of MASV,MASV1, Si1 Si2 Si3 Si4 Si7 non parametric measures. Correlation analysis seen weak relation of BLUP based measures with other measures whereas strong to moderate negative correlations with non parametric measures. Composite non parametric measures NPi(1) NPi(2) NPi(3), NPi(4) expressed mostly negative values for other measures.

Impact of Insecticides on Beneficial Insect ladybird, Coccinella Septempunctata and Control Detrimental two Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae

2024-07-27T06:00:42+00:00

The study aimed to investigation different products to beneficial insect ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata) and on the other hand, to evaluation efficacy of different product for controlling detrimental two spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae. And the study obtained the organophosphate and pyrethroid were rated harmful (International Organization for Biological and International Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC) category 4) in contrast with biological products. While for controlling two spotted spider mite the synthetic product has highly effective control on spider mite in the same way surprisingly natural products when used in the right recommendation dosage, they overcome synthetic groups. Hence, we can preserve our planet against extensive using of synthetic products which harmful to the natural enemies.

Agro-morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity in a Mini Core Collection of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2024-07-27T05:23:04+00:00

Aromatic rice is a special type of rice known in the World. 20 genotypes of aromatic rice were evaluated at the Agricultural Experimental Farm, University of Calcutta Baruipur, West Bengal to characterize and estimate Genetic Diversity in mini core collection of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Phenotypic coefficients of variation exhibited a bit higher values but maintained a close relation with a genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits, indicating low G×E interaction. Additive gene action was prominent for the traits like plant height, panicle length, number of filled grains per plant and 1000 grain weight. A correlation study showed that grain yield per plant was positive and significantly correlated with panicles per plant and total number of filled grains per plant, suggesting the need for more emphasis on these components for increasing the grain yield in aromatic rice. Manhattan cluster analysis based on agro-morphological traits revealed two distinct clusters i.e. Cluster I(A and B) and Cluster II(A and B). Maximum of 15 genotypes were grouped into Cluster II and 5 genotypes in Cluster I. Path analysis revealed that total number of filled grains , panicles per plant and 1000 grain weight has maximum direct effect on grain yield per plant

Standardization and Development of Improved Tissue Culture Techniques for Genotype Co 94012 in Sugarcane

2024-07-27T05:28:33+00:00

Sugarcane is a major cash crop in India and is affected by various pests and diseases. Also, it requires more irrigation as compared to other crops to grow. The genetic improvement by conventional breeding is still a challenge due to long crop cycle and poor genetic diversity. To overcome these constraints, genetic transformation and CRISPR mediated gene editing in plants can prove as beneficial tools. To develop traits in sugarcane using these technologies requires highly reproducible and very efficient somatic embryo based protocol in popular cultivars. In this study, we aimed to develop high efficiency, reliable and reproducible somatic embryos based tissue culture system amenable for Agrobacterium or biolistic-mediated genetic transformation in popular cultivars of sugarcane. The improved protocol can be used for generation of transgenic or genome edited plants in desired numbers. In the present investigation, we used high yielding sugarcane var. Co 94012 for development of high efficiency callus based regeneration protocol. Leaf disc from two months old shoots were used to induce the callus. Embryogenic calli were obtained using initial boost of 3mg/lit, 2, 4 D followed by subsequent subculture at 2 mg/lit 2, 4 D. Regeneration response was 100 percent on MS media with 1 mg/lit BAP. These regenerated shoots were elongated on MS media enriched with 0.2 mg/lit BAP for two to three weeks. Furthermore, Cv. (cultivar) Co 94012 showed 100 percent rooting on MS media with 1 mg/lit NAA. Root initiation was observed within 8 to 10 days. 100% survival of transplanted plants was observed. This is the first report of sugarcane regeneration and development of plants through callus using var. (variety) Co 94012.

Response of Semi-Dwarf Basmati Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Direct Seeding to Combination of Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer

2024-07-27T06:01:55+00:00

A field study was conducted in factorial randomized block design with three semi-dwarf varieties of basmati rice HB-2,PB-1121,PB-1509 and five treatments including [T1(Control),T2(100% RDN (Recommended dose of nitrogen) (90 kg N/ha through fertilizer)),T3(25% of nitrogen through vermi-compost + RDN 75% (through fertilizers),T4(50% of nitrogen through vermi-compost + RDN 50%(through fertilizers)),T5(75% of nitrogen through vermi-compost + RDN 25%( through fertilizers) In all plots a common dose of 30kg phosphorous ,30kg potash and 10kg zinc sulphate was applied].Results showed that Variety HB-2 showed better plant height(100.6), dry matter accumulation(1127.2), No. of tillers(309),No. of panicles/m2(279.5),Panicle length(28.9) and Grain yield(35.1). The leaf area index(4.40), No. of grains/ panicle(76.8), Test weight(28.0) and straw yield(71.9) was better in variety PB- 1121. Among treatments T3 showed better results for plant height(112.9),dry matter accumulation(1220.0), no .of tillers(316.1),leaf area index(4.47), no. of panicles/m2(305.2), no. of grains/panicle(86.6), panicle length(28.7), test weight(28.5) and yield attributes[grain yield(41.3) and straw yield(80.0)] it is therefore concluded that integrated nutrient management is better over fertilizer application.

Response of Biostimulant and Nitrogen Levels in Hybrid Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.)

2024-07-27T06:02:19+00:00

The present study was carried out in the kharif season of 2022–2023, at the Research Field of Department of Agriculture at Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University) Mullana, Ambala, Haryana. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with five treatments replicated thrice. Analysis of variance was conducted to assess differences in treatments using critical difference values. The highest maize grain yield (35.83 q/ha), straw yield (45.207 q/ha), biological yield (81.04 q/ha), plant height (161.41 cm), 100-seed weight (24.00 g), number of grain cob-1 (513.1), and length of cob plant-1(19.38) were observed in treatment T5@150kg nitrogen/ha.

Effect of Ga₃ and Pinching on Growth, Flowering and Yield of African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Cv. Pusa Basanti Gainda

2024-07-27T06:02:40+00:00

An experiment was carried out at Experimental Research Farm, R.B. S College Bichpuri, Agra (U.P.) during rabi season of 2019-20 to study the effect of GA3 and pinching on growth, flowering and yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications and four concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3 0, 100, 200 and 300ppm) and two pinching levels viz., no pinching and pinching at 30 days after transplanting (DAT). The results indicated that the important growth and flowering characters were significantly influenced by gibberellic acid and pinching treatments. Application of 200 ppm GA3 recorded significantly maximum plant height (68.8 cm), diameter of main stem (2.4 cm), plant spread N-S and E-W (44.5cm and 44.7cm), primary branches/plant (18.8), length of longest primary branches (59.6 cm), bud initiation (54.2 days), length of flower (8.6 cm), number of flower/plant (55.3) and flower yield (219.3 qha-1). The pinching at 30 DAT recorded significantly maximum number of primary branches (16.3 branches/plant), length of longest primary branches (56.6cm), plant spread N-S and E-W (38.2 cm and 38.8cm), number of flowers buds (24.6), length of flower (7.9cm), number of flower/plant (53.0), and flower yield (193.3 qha-1) whereas maximum plant height (65.3 cm)and bud initiation (57.1 days) was found under no pinching

Effect of Herbicides on Weed Management in Maize (Zea mays L.) Crop in Haryana

2024-07-27T06:03:03+00:00

The present study was carried out on kaveri maize hybrid in the Kharif season of 2022–2023, at the Research Field of Department of Agriculture at Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with Eight treatments replicated thrice. On the basis of results it appeared that the minimum weed count per meter square, maximum Plant dry matter gram per meter square maximum yield , were recorded and the highest grain yield of maize (34.70 q/ha), maximum plant height at 30,60,90DAS and harvest stage (67.40,98.80,155.60 and 162.13cm), B:C ratio and Net return ,were estimated in T5@0.75kg/ha+5ltr/ha Atrazine + 2,4-D followed by the treatmentsT4@075kg/ha+0.25kg/ha Pendimethalin+ Atrazine

The Role of DNA Barcoding in Forest Genetic Resources

2024-07-27T05:53:10+00:00

DNA barcodes have provided a new biological tool for organismal forest scientist to increase the understanding of the natural world. Over the last decade four plant DNA barcode markers and ITS2, have been developed, tested, and used to address basic questions in systematics, ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation, including community assembly, species interaction networks, taxonomic discovery, and assessing priority areas for environmental protection. Forensic investigators have also applied these plant DNA barcodes in the regulatory areas of traffic in endangered species and monitoring commercial products, such as plants and herbal supplements. Major challenges ahead will focus on global plant DNA barcode library and adopting genomic sequencing technologies for a more efficient and cost-effective workflow in applying these genetic identification markers to additional fields of biological.
Application and important: DNA barcoding is allow to conservation and endangered species of flora to found in Forest.
Conclusion: DNA barcoding is beneficial for conservation of forest trees in world. The valuable tree of forests could be conserved and sustained for future with the help of DNA barcoding in tree improvement programme. DNA barcoding will allow forest scientist to recognize and discovery known species in nature.

A Study on Using Rainwater Harvesting for Meeting Non-potable Water Demand in Urban Areas

2024-07-27T06:03:38+00:00

Climate change is affecting the natural resources such as water and experts are searching for solutions. Rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting a volume of water from raindrops. Rainwater harvesting can be used as s supplementary source for non-potable uses of water. Non-potable uses of rainwater include flushing toilets, watering garden and washing floors and cars. However, treated rainwater can be used for drinking, bathing, and cooking and washing clothes if it treated and became free from harmful contaminants. The volume of rainwater collected from rainwater harvesting system varying from one country to another. In a tropical country like Malaysia it is easy to collect 2 m3 in a single rain while 10 m3 was collected annually in Zambia, Africa from a roof of almost of the same size. The main advantages of rainwater harvesting systems are conserving water resources and reducing surface water pollution. Other advantages are helping in controlling flash floods and adaptation of climate change. In the present study, a rainwater harvesting system was installed in the Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia and the system composed of the catchment (roof), gutter, pipe, steel tank and treatment unit. From 20 different rain events, the collected volume of rainwater in the tank ranges between 0.4 m3 and 2 m3. The daily water consumption by students was monitored for one month and compared with the collected rainwater volume. In order to check the quality of rainwater, samples of rainwater were collected from the gutter of the rainwater harvesting system. The main standard tests conducted in the laboratory on the rainwater samples were pH, turbidity, BOD5, dissolved solids, total solids, total coliform, lead, etc. The rainwater was found to be acidic in nature (pH < 7).